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  1. ↑ The origins of writing, Discovery Channel (1998-12-15)
  2. ↑ Richard Mattessich (Jun 2002) The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt, The Accounting Historians Journal.
  3. ↑ Antoni Loprieno, Ancient Egyptian; A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 1995 p.12
  4. ↑ Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems: a Linguistic Introduction, Stanford University Press, 1990, p. 78.
  5. ↑ Geoffrey W. Bromley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995, p. 1150.
  6. ↑ Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, et al., The Cambridge Ancient History (3d ed. 1970) pp. 43-44.
  7. ↑ Simson Najovits, Egypt, Trunk of the Tree: A Modern Survey of an Ancient Land, Algora Publishing, 2004, pp. 55-56.
  8. ↑ Robert E. & Carolyn Krebs, Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Ancient World, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, p. 91
  9. ↑ The latest presently known hieroglyphic inscription date: Birthday of Osiris, year 110 [of Diocletian], dated to 24 tháng 8, 396
  10. ↑ Dr. Okasha El Daly (2005), Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings, UCL Press, ISBN 1-84472-063-2. (cf. Arabic Study of Ancient Egypt, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation.)
  11. ↑ Dr. Okasha El Daly, Deciphering Egyptian Hieroglyphs in Muslim Heritage, Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester.
  12. ↑ Jean-François Champollion,Letter to M. Dacier, 27 tháng 91822
  13. ↑ Gardiner, Sir Alan H. (1973). Egyptian Grammar. The Griffith Institute. ISBN 0-900416-35-1. 
  14. ↑ Antonio Loprieno, Ancient Egyptian, A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge University Press (1995), p. 13

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